UNDERGRADUATE

BIOL 111. General Biology. 3 hours. Designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental principles and processes of life as found in animals and plants and their relation to the everyday life of man. Not open to students with credit in BIOL 113/114 Environmental Life Science/Laboratory, or BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory, or BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory. Corequisite: BIOL 112 General Biology Laboratory.

BIOL 112. General Biology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 111 General Biology. Corequisite: BIOL 111 General Biology.

BIOL 113. Environmental Life Science. 3 hours. A basic ecological approach to the principles and processes of life with emphasis placed on human pressures and technology, and the effect of these on the organism-environment complex. Not applicable toward a biology major. Not open to students with credit in BIOL 111/112 General Biology/ Laboratory or BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/ Laboratory or BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory.

BIOL 114. Environmental Life Science Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 113 Environmental Life Science. Corequisite: BIOL 113 Environmental Life Science.

BIOL 202. Topics in Biology:(____). 1-3 hours. Intensive study of selected topics in biology. Lecture and laboratory. May be repeated if subject matter is different. Each class limited to a single topic. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

BIOL 215. General Zoology. 3 hours. Fundamental principles and processes of animal life including relationships, morphology, life history, ecology, genetics and evolution. Prerequisite: BIOL 111/112 General Biology/Laboratory or an ACT COMP score of at least 20. Corequisite: BIOL 216 General Zoology Laboratory.

BIOL 216. General Zoology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 215 General Zoology. Corequisite: BIOL 215 General Zoology.

BIOL 218. General Botany. 3 hours. A basic study of plants dealing with growth, physiology, morphology, reproduction, taxonomy and evolution. Prerequisite: BIOL 111/112 General Biology/Laboratory or an ACT COMP score of at least 20. Corequisite: BIOL 219 General Botany Laboratory.

BIOL 219. General Botany Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 218 General Botany. Corequisite: BIOL 218 General Botany.

BIOL 221. Principles of Heredity. 3 hours. The laws and theories of heredity with emphasis on man.

BIOL 257. Anatomy and Physiology. 3 hours. An integrated study of the structure and functions of the human body. May not be counted on the 40-hour major if the student elects animal physiology or the upper division physiology requirement. Prerequisite: BIOL 111/112 General Biology/Laboratory or BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. Corequisite: BIOL 258 Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory.

BIOL 258. Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 257 Anatomy and Physiology. Corequisite: BIOL 257 Anatomy and Physiology.

BIOL 290. Sophomore Research in Biology. 1-2 hours. Research problems in biology. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. May be repeated for a total of 2 hours.

BIOL 300. Assisting in the Biology Laboratory. 1 hour. For students intending to teach biology or general science in secondary schools. Assisting in the preparation and instruction in various biology course laboratories at the 100 and 200 levels. A minimum of four hours assisting per week is required. Prerequisite: Students must be in the teacher education curriculum; permission of the instructor.

BIOL 304. Soils. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Fundamental chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils, their formation, fertility, and management.

BIOL 311. Cell Biology. 3 hours. Cell structure and function with emphasis on energy metabolism and use of genetic information. Prerequisites: 5 hours biology, 5 hours chemistry.

BIOL 322. Genetics. 3 hours. The principles of genetics with emphasis on the cytological mechanism of inheritance: physical basis, linkage mapping of genes and gene action. Intended primarily for biology majors. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory, BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory, and 5 hours of chemistry. Corequisite: BIOL 323 Genetics Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 323. Genetics Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 322 Genetics. Corequisite: BIOL 322 Genetics. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 330. Principles of Ecology. 3 hours. The theories which form our basic concepts of ecosystems. Abiotic, individual, species, population, community and ecosystem perspective of living systems. Human ecosystems and man as a member of natural systems.

BIOL 371. General Microbiology. 3 hours. Fundamentals of morphology, physiology, growth, taxonomy, and cultivation of bacteria and related micro-organisms. Including a brief introduction to their role in industry, agriculture and medicine. Prerequisite: 5 hours of biology and 5 hours of chemistry. Corequisite: BIOL 372 General Microbiology Laboratory. May be taken for honors by permission of instructor.

BIOL 372. General Microbiology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory experiences concerning the morphology, cultivation, physiology, and applied aspects of bacteria and related microorganisms. Corequisite: BIOL 371 General Microbiology. May be taken for honors with permission of instructor.

BIOL 400. Seminar in Biology. 1 hour. Individual reports and group discussion of problems and current research in the biological sciences. May be repeated for one additional hour if subject matter is different. Prerequisite: 15 hours of biology.

BIOL 402. Topics in Biology (____). 1-3 hours. Intensive study of selected topics in biology. Classroom and laboratory. May be repeated if subject matter is different. Each class limited to a single topic and for a specific number of credit hours.

BIOL 410. Biological and Medical Terminology. 2 hours. A self-study course. Covers the words and roots of words commonly used in the life sciences and medicine. No class meetings; 2 examinations each semester.

BIOL 479. Techniques for Teaching Biology. 3 hours. Techniques. methods, and course content used in teaching biology in the secondary school. Offered by the Department of Biology. To be taken before the professional semester. Prerequisites: Admission to teacher education and PSYCH 357 Educational Psychology.

BIOL 481. Clinical Microbiology. 1-8 hours. Theory and laboratory study of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, Rickettsiae, fungi, and parasites. Includes morphology, physiology, taxonomy, and medical significance of the various groups; methods of collecting and treating specimens for the isolation and identification of the various types.

BIOL 482. Clinical Biochemistry. 1-8 hours. Theory and laboratory study of analytical biochemistry, incorporating routine and special chemical procedures in the analysis of body fluids and their significance in clinical medicine.

BIOL 483. Clinical Immunology. 1-6 hours. Theory and laboratory study of the fundamentals of antigen-antibody reactions, blood groups and types, cross-matches, blood components, AABB-approved transfusion practices, and serological procedures used in the determination of Immunologic responses.

BIOL 484. Clinical Hematology. 1-6 hours. Blood cell derivation, maturation; and function; principles of Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation. Methodology used in routine and special hematology studies and in the detection of hematological disorders.

BIOL 485. Topics in Medical Technology (____). 1-6 hours. General laboratory techniques including clinical Microscopy, Cytogenetics, Urinalysis, Nuclear Medicine, Histology, and a special project. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 hours.

BIOL 490. Honors Research in Biology. 1-3 hours. Special research problem in one of the fields of biology. Results of this study are to be submitted in accepted form for publications as set up by American Institute of Biological Sciences. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. A student may apply a total of 6 hours of credit in BIOL 490 Honors Research in Biology and BIOL 491 Special Problems in Biology on the 40-hour biology major. Prerequisite: 20 hours of biology, overall grade point average of 3.4, and permission of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 491. Special Problems in Biology. 1-3 hours. Special research problems in various fields of biology. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. A student may apply a total of 6 hours of credit in BIOL 490 Honors Research in Biology and BIOL 491 Special Problems in Biology on the 40-hour biology major. Prerequisite: 20 hours of biology and permission of instructor.

BIOL 513. Environmental Conservation. 3 hours. The history of U.S. conservation, the distribution of natural resources, the influence of humans on natural resources, the causes of and solutions to environmental problems, and the theory and practice of natural resource management. Prerequisite: General education requirements in natural and physical sciences. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 533. Ichthyology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. The class Osteichthyes with special reference to fishes of North America. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 534. Herpetology. 3 hours. Lecture, laboratory, and field. Morphology, identification, distribution, evolution and ecology of the classes Amphibia and Reptilia. Pre-requisites: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 535. Ornithology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Identification: life history, ecology, distribution, morphology, and evolution of birds. Emphasis on field studies of birds of southeast Kansas. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 536. Mammalogy. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Morphology, classification, ecology, distribution, evolution and economic importance of mammals. Emphasis given to the mammals of Kansas. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 537. Regional Natural History. 3 hours. Classification, identification, ecology, and collection techniques emphasized in the survey of regional flora, fauna, and geological features. Prerequisite: Must complete general education requirements in the Life Sciences. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 538. Aquatic Vascular Plants. 2 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Taxonomy and ecology of vascular plants that grow in or near bodies of water. Prerequisite: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory or permission of instructor.

BIOL 542. Conservation Agencies: Administration and Management. 2 hours. Description and analysis of the administration and management of governmental and nongovernmental organizations engaged in conservation work at state, national, and international levels.

BIOL 548. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. The scientific classification and identification of ferns and seed plants, with emphasis on the local flora. Methods of collection, preservation and preparation of herbarium specimens included. Prerequisite: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory or permission of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 556. Comparative Anatomy. 2 hours. The comparative anatomy of vertebrates including dissection of a representation from each major group. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. Corequisite: BIOL 557 Comparative Anatomy Laboratory.

BIOL 557. Comparative Anatomy Laboratory. 3 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 556 Comparative Anatomy. Corequisite: BIOL 556 Comparative Anatomy.

BIOL 560. Invertebrate Zoology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Morphology, physiology, classification, evolution, and ecology of invertebrates (exclusive of Insecta and groups treated in detail in BIOL 767 Animal Parasitology). Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 561. General Entomology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Structure, classification, physiology, ecology, and economic importance of insects. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 564. Human Histology. 5 hours. Microscopic structure of human tissues. Prerequisites: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. Must have 60 hours passed. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 566. Vertebrate Embryology. 3 hours. The development of the frog, chick, and pig and applications to prenatal development of the human. Prerequisite:
BIOL 556/557 Comparative Anatomy/Laboratory or permission of instructor. Corequisite: BIOL 567 Vertebrate Embryology Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 567. Vertebrate Embryology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 566 Vertebrate Embryology. Corequisite: BIOL 566 Vertebrate Embryology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 570. Pathogenic Bacteriology. 3 hours. The isolation, identification, mechanisms of pathogenesis, host relations, immunity and public health aspects of disease producing bacteria and Rickettsiae. Prerequisite: BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. Corequisite: BIOL 571 Pathogenic Bacteriology Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 571. Pathogenic Bacteriology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory experiences concerning the isolation, cultivation and identification of disease-producing bacteria. Corequisite: BIOL 570 Pathogenic Bacteriology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 572. General Virology. 3 hours. Basic concepts regarding the nature of viruses and their properties, together with techniques for their growth, characterization and identification with emphasis on the major groups of animal viruses. Prerequisite: BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 579. Supervised Student Teaching and Follow-Up of Teachers. 2 hours.
Departmental representatives will visit each student teacher during the professional semester. Additionally, departmental representatives will follow up with each area student during the first year of teaching with assistance and support. Concurrent enrollment in the professional semester is required. Offered on a Pass-Fail basis only.

BIOL 581. Survey of the Plant Kingdom. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. An intensive comparative study of the morphology, anatomy, biogeography, evolution, and ecology of the divisions of plants. Prerequisites: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 602. Topics in Biology (____). 1-3 hours. Intensive study of selected topics in biology. Classroom and laboratory study. May be repeated if subject matter is different. Each class is limited to a single topic and for a specific number of credit hours. Prerequisite: 15 hours of biology and permission of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 612. Internship in Biology. 1-3 hours. A cooperative education experience in a career area in biology. Requires a formal agreement between the instructor and the immediate supervisor of the industry or agency. Prerequisite: 15 hours of biology and permission of instructor.

BIOL 615. Environmental Protection. 3 hours. Legal, political, social, and scientific aspects of environmental protection with review of federal and state law and the role of non-federal entities in the environmental protection process. Prerequisites: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology and BIOL 513 Environmental Conservation. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 617. Environmental Health. 3 hours. The risks to human health from pollution; the major routes of exposure in humans from environmental contaminants in air, water, and soil, human health standards; sanitation; overview of occupational health and safety; calculations of exposures and dose/response effects; and risk assessment and management. Prerequisites. 10 hours of biology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 621. Advanced Genetics. 3 hours. The biochemical function of the "gene." Emphasis is on "gene" control of development, developmental models and current aspects of engineering. Prerequisites: BIOL 322/323 Genetics/Laboratory and organic chemistry. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 627. Genetics of Microorganisms. 3 hours. Emphasis on microorganisms as a "tool" of genetics. Advantages and disadvantages of each organism to specific research areas are discussed. Prerequisite: (10 hours of biology including one course in genetics), BIOL 322/323 Genetics/Laboratory, BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 633. Limnology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Biotic, physical and chemical characteristics of fresh water environments. Biological mapping of lakes and streams: productivity studies. Prerequisites: 15 hours of biology, 10 hours of chemistry. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 634. Fisheries Management. 5 hours. Lecture, laboratory and field. Fish population dynamics, methods of assessment and techniques for management of fisheries. Includes an actual field problem. Prerequisites: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory, BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology, BIOL 633 Limnology.

BIOL 635 Wildlife Ecology and Management. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Application of ecological principles toward the manipulation of terrestrial wildlife populations. Laboratory sessions stress techniques, local management practices and discussion with wildlife personnel. Prerequisites: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology, BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 639. Field Ecological Assessment. 3 hours. Lecture, laboratory and field. Field techniques used to determine community structure of aquatic and terrestrial systems, including ecological assessment, design of projects, sampling of physical habitat, and biological data compilation, analysis and interpretation. Prerequisite: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 643. Natural History Interpretation. 3 hours. Communicating natural history through presentations, interpretive writing, exhibit design, and conducted activities. Application of these skills emphasized. Prerequisite: 13 hours of biology including ecology and field biology courses or permission of instructor.

BIOL 656. Animal Physiology. 3 hours. The chemical and physical phenomena occurring in the living animal. This course will not satisfy the upper division physiology requirement if a student elects to use courses BIOL 257 Anatomy and Physiology or BIOL 258 Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory on the 40-hour major. Prerequisites: 10 hours of biology, 10 hours of chemistry including organic. Physics 5 hours and BIOL 556/557 Comparative Anatomy/Laboratory. BIOL 564 Human Histology recommended. Corequisite: BIOL 657 Animal Physiology Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 657. Animal Physiology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 656 Animal Physiology. Corequisite: BIOL 656 Animal Physiology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 660. Human Anatomy and Dissection. 5 hours. The study of gross human structures. Students will dissect and study human cadavers. Anatomical models, a text, an atlas, and lecture material will be other sources of information. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 662. Biomechanics. 2 hours. Problem-solving approach to biomechanics, the application of mechanical principles to the human body. Prerequisites: PHYS 101/131 College Physics II/Elementary Physics Laboratory II, and permission of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 671. Immunology. 3 hours. Principles of immunity and serology; Immuno-chemistry and interactions of antigen and antibodies in vitro and in vivo; mechanisms of Immunologic damage. Prerequisites: BIOL 570/571 Pathogenic Bacteriology/Laboratory and 5 hours of organic chemistry or consent of instructor. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 672. Immunology Laboratory. 2 hours. Selected recent laboratory experiments to accompany BIOL 671 Immunology. Prerequisite or corequisite: BIOL 671 Immunology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 674. Industrial Microbiology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. The role of microorganisms in industrial processes, including the production of foods and flavors, vitamins, antibiotics, steroids, alcohols and other solvents. Prerequisite: BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 675. Microbial Physiology. 3 hours. The metabolic processes of micro organisms with emphasis on the bacteria. Prerequisite: 10 hours of biology including BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. 10 hours of chemistry, including organic, or permission of instructor. Biochemistry strongly recommended. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 676. Microbial Physiology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory experience to complement lecture and classroom work in microbial physiology, with emphasis on bacteria. Prerequisites: 10 hours of biology including BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory, 10 hours of biochemistry including organic or permission of the instructor. Biochemistry strongly recommended. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 685. Plant Physiology. 3 hours. The chemical and physical phenomena occurring in the living plant. Prerequisites: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/ Laboratory. 10 hours of chemistry, including organic. Corequisite: BIOL 686 Plant Physiology/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 686. Plant Physiology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises to accompany BIOL 685 Plant Physiology. Corequisite: BIOL 685 Plant Physiology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 711. Cell and Molecular Biology. 3 hours. The molecular basis of cell structures and function, with emphasis on the techniques of molecular study. Prerequisites: BIOL 322/323 Genetics/Laboratory, BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory, 10 hours of chemistry. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 712. Recombinant DNA Techniques Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory manipulation of nucleic acids, including cloning, Metagenesis, Electrophoretic Analysis, sequencing, Polymerase chain reaction. Prerequisites: BIOL 322/323 Genetics/Laboratory, BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory, 10 hours of chemistry. Corequisite: BIOL 711 Cell and Molecular Biology.

BIOL 730. Evolution. 3 hours. Examines the current synthesis of evolutionary theory including Prebiotic development of protein, Microspheres and the potential modes of Speciation of living organisms. Prerequisites: BIOL 322/323 Genetics/Laboratory, BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory (10 hours of biology). May be taken for honors.

BIOL 741. Bryology. 3 hours. Lecture, laboratory and field. Morphology, identification, life history, evolution, biogeography, and ecology of Hornworts, Mosses, and Liverworts, with emphasis on the Great Plains and Ozarkian flora. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 742. Biosystematics. 2 hours. Lecture and discussions. The study of modern taxonomic methodologies, employing descriptive and observational, Analytical and Experimental, and Synthetical and Theoretical approaches. Discussions of the species concept, classification methods, and the rules of nomenclature. Permission of instructor required.

BIOL 743. Tropical Biology. 3 hours. Lecture. An overview of forest types, physical characteristics, vegetative characteristics, species diversity, plant/animal interactions, ecology, evolution, and the impact of humans on tropical regions of the world. Prerequisite: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 759. Vertebrate Endocrinology. 3 hours. Chemical messengers, hormones, in vertebrates. The mechanisms of their synthesis, release, transport and actions. Emphasis will be placed on methodologies and interactions between systems. Prerequisites: 15 hours biology, 10 hours chemistry.

BIOL 767. Animal Parasitology. 3 hours. A survey of Protozoan, Helminth, and Arthropodan parasites of humans and domestic animals. Emphasis on systematic, life cycles. and host-parasite relationships. Prerequisite: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. Corequisite: BIOL 768 Animal Parasitology Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 768. Animal Parasitology Laboratory. 2 hours. Laboratory exercises and projects to accompany BIOL 767 Animal Parasitology. Corequisite: BIOL 767 Animal Parasitology. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 774. Bacterial Diversity and Ecology. 3 hours. The diversity of bacteria as distinguished by their physiological, biochemical, and morphological properties and the biochemical ecology of bacterial communities. Laboratory work includes isolations and constructed cultures. Prerequisites: BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. BIOL 675 Microbial Physiology recommended. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 781. Freshwater Algae. 3 hours. Descriptive, physiological and ecological aspects of locally represented algal divisions. Laboratory and field work will concentrate on collection, identification. and distribution of local algal flora. Prerequisite: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory. May be taken for honors.

BIOL 788. Mycology. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Taxonomy, morphology and physiology of representative fungi. Prerequisite: BIOL 218/219 General Botany/Laboratory, BIOL 371/372 General Microbiology/Laboratory. Organic chemistry recommended. May be taken for honors.

GRADUATE

BIOL 800. Seminar. 1 hour. Individual reports and group discussion of problems and current research in biology. May be repeated. Participation required of all regularly enrolled graduate students.

BIOL 801. Introduction to Research. 3 hours. Proposal preparation, research techniques, use of library, analysis and presentation of research data. Required for all graduate students.

BIOL 802. Advanced Topics in Biology (____). 1-3 hours. Intensive study of selected topics in biology. Classroom and laboratory study. May be repeated if subject matter is different. Each class limited to a single topic and for a specific number of credit hours. Prerequisites: 15 hours of biology and permission of instructor.

BIOL 803. Biometry. 3 hours. The application of statistical methods to data from various fields of biological research. Special emphasis placed on practical computational procedures and experimental design. Prerequisites: MATH 113 College Algebra and 20 hours of biology.

BIOL 810. Recent Literature in Biology (____). 1 hour. A survey of recent literature in specific areas of biology (for example, ecology, genetics, Immunology, physiology, etc.). May be repeated for a maximum of 3 hours. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

BIOL 812. Internship in Biology. 1-3 hours. A cooperative education experience in a career area in biology. Requires a formal agreement between the instructor and the immediate supervisor of the industry or agency. Prerequisite: 15 hours of biology and permission of instructor.

BIOL 824. Problems in Genetics. 1-6 hours. Individual work in genetics. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. Prerequisites: 25 hours of biology including one course in genetics.

BIOL 834. Fisheries Management. 5 hours. Lecture, laboratory and field. Fish population dynamics, methods of assessment and techniques for management of fisheries. Includes an actual field problem. Prerequisites: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory. BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology, BIOL 633 Limnology.

BIOL 835. Wildlife Ecology and Management. 3 hours. Lecture and laboratory. Application of ecological principles toward the manipulation of terrestrial wildlife populations. Laboratory sessions stress techniques, local management practices and discussion with wildlife personnel. Prerequisites: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology, BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory.

BIOL 836. Aquaculture Concepts. 3 hours. Lecture, project and field trips. The principles of aquatic animal husbandry with a primary emphasis on fish hatchery operations. Includes a project dealing with Aquaculture and several field trips to a variety of fish production facilities. Prerequisites: BIOL 215/216 General Zoology/Laboratory, BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology.

BIOL 839. Field Ecological Assessment. 3 hours. Lecture, laboratory and field. Field techniques used to determine community structure of aquatic and terrestrial systems, including ecological assessment, design of projects, sampling of physical habitat, and biological data compilation, analysis and interpretation. Prerequisite: BIOL 330 Principles of Ecology.

BIOL 864. Problems in Zoology. 1-6 hours. Individual work on problems in taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and physiology, or other aspects of animals with emphasis on problems of local interest. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. Prerequisites: 25 hours of biology including 10 hours of zoology. Permission of instructor required.

BIOL 874. Problems in Microbiology. 1-6 hours. Individual work on microbiological problems suited to the need and interests of the students, with emphasis on local problems. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. Prerequisites: 25 hours of biology, including 10 hours of microbiology. Permission of instructor required.

BIOL 881. Orientation to College Teaching. 3 hours. Laboratory work in the biology classroom situation; work with instructional aids; and involvement in curriculum, test construction, and classroom instruction. Permission of instructor required.

BIOL 884. Problems in Botany. 1-6 hours. Individual work on problems of taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and physiology, or other aspects of plants with emphasis on those of local interest. May be repeated for a total of 6 hours. Prerequisites: 25 hours of biology, including 10 hours of botany.

BIOL 890. Research and Thesis. 1-6 hours, depending upon the problem and recommendation of the adviser. To be taken by students in Option I for Master of Science in biology. May be repeated.

BIOL 891. Research Problem. 1-3 hours. Field, laboratory or library research project for candidates for Option II for Master of Science in biology. May be repeated for a maximum of 3 hours.

BIOL 892. Grant Writing Seminar I. 3 hours. Basics of grant writing, including sources of funding. Taught in summers. Prerequisite: Bachelor of Science in biology.

BIOL 893. Grant Writing Seminar II. 3 hours. Helps in grant writing. The submission of a grant for external funding is required as part of this course. Taught in summers. Prerequisite: BIOL 892 Grant Writing Seminar I and Bachelor of Science in biology.

BIOL 990. Special Research Project. 4-6 hours. Required of all Option I candidates for the Specialist in Education degree. May be repeated for a maximum of 6 hours.

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